Knuckle assembly

ABSTRACT

A knuckle assembly in which the upper knuckle, steering arm and brake rails are formed as a one piece casting and the spindle and lower knuckle are formed as in integral forging. The spindle is then shrink fitted into a spindle opening machined in the casting with the lower knuckle positioned correctly relative to the upper knuckle and then finished to receive a lower ball joint.

United States Patent Afanador et al. Apr. 2, 1974 [5 KNUCKLE ASSEMBLY 3,423,104 1/1969 Beach 280/981 2,771,301 11/1956 Booth 280/962 R [75] invemors Carlos Afanado" Cemervne; 2,623,613 12 1952 Booth 188/18 R Richard L. Jones, West Carrolton, both of Ohm Primary Examiner-David Schonberg [73] Assignee: The Dayton-Walter Corporation, Assistant Examiner--T L, Siemens D y Ohio Attorney, Agent, or FirmBiebel, French & Bugg [22] Filed: Oct. 13, 1972 21 Appl. N0.: 297,222 [57] ABSTRACT A knuckle assembly in which the upper knuckle, 52 U.S. c1. 280/93 280/96.1 Steering arm and brake fails are fmmed as a one Piece [51] Int. Cl 1362d 7/06 casting and the Spindle and lower knuckle are formed [58] Field of Search. 280/93 96.2 R 96.2 as in integral forging. The spindle is then shrink fitted {88/18 29/447 into a spindle opening machined in the casting with the lower knuckle positioned correctly relative to the [56] References Cited upper knuckle and then finished to receive a lower UNITED STATES PATENTS ban 2,652,264 9/1953 Booth 280/962 R 8 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PATENTEU APR 2 IBM FIG FIG-4 KNUCKLE ASSEMBLY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In front suspensions of the independent type, a composite casting is generally utilized as a knuckle assembly in which the various components are bolted together. A case hardened spindle for mounting the wheels is then received in an opening in one portion of the composite casting. A knuckle assembly of this type may utilize a dozen or more parts which must be assembled before installation of the knuckle assembly in the vehicle for which it was designed.

A somewhat simplified version of a knuckle assembly utilizes a casting in which the upper and lower knuckle are cast together and an opening is formed through this casting intermediate the upper and lower knuckles to receive a headed or flanged spindle. While an assembly of this type provides an appreciable simplification over a multi-components assembly, the spacing between the upper and lower knuckles must be sufficient to allow the spindle receiving opening to be formed therebetween. Otherwise, the spindle could not be installed in the casting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a knuckle assembly which includes only two basic components. Thus, a one piece casting is formed which includes the upper knuckle, brake rails, steering arm, grease seal boss, steering stop boss and dust shield mounting bosses. A spindle opening is machined in the casting to receive the spindle of an integral forged spindle and lower knuckle.

The spindle is shrink fitted into the spindle opening machined in the base casting with an applied force to a flange portion of the spindle to insure spindle seating, and the lower knuckle is thereafter drilled and machined to provide a ball joint opening positioned in the desired relationship to the ball joint opening in the upper knuckle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view of the assembly, partly in section;

FIG. 2 is an end view of the knuckle assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a top view thereof;

FIG. 4 is a view from the opposite end from that shown in FIG. 1; and

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an integral spindle and lower knuckle.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the assembly of the present invention includes two basic components. These are a base casting l2 and an integral spindle and lower knuckle 14. The base casting is formed with an upper knuckle l6 projecting outwardly thereof and having a ball joint opening 18 formed therein. A spindle opening 20 is machined through the casting such that the axis thereof is in angularly disposed, intersecting relationship to the axis of the opening 18.

Also formed integrally on the casting are upper and lower brake rails 22 and 24, respectively, and a steering arm 26 projecting from the casting oppositely to the brake rails. The opening 18 through the knuckle 16 is tapered inwardly toward the lower knuckle l4, and it will be particularly noted from FIG. 1 of the drawings that a tapered opening 28 is also provided in the end of the steering arm 26.

The casting 12 also includes three dust shiled mounting bosses 30 projecting from the casting in a direction opposite to the upper knuckle l6 and a grease seal boss 32, extending from the same side of the casting as the bosses 30. A tapped hole 34 is formed in the casting in spaced, substantially parallel relationship to the spindle opening 20 and is designed to receive a steering mount stop.

The integral spindle and lower knuckle 14 is constructed as a one piece forging that includes, as best seen in FIG. 5, a tempered and case hardened spindle 36 having the lower knuckle 38 formed integrally therewith adjacent one end thereof. The spindle itself includes a shrink fit section 40, an inside bearing section 42, a concical connecting portion 44, an outside bearing section 46, and a threaded portion 48 having a cotter pin hole 50 drilled therethrough. The lower knuckle 38 is provided with a ball joint opening 52 which tapers inwardly upwardly, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 5 of the drawings.

In constructing the knuckle assembly of the present invention, the base casting, including the upper knuckle, brake rails, steering arm, dust shield mounting bosses, steering stop mounting boss, and grease seal section are formed by casting of a material such as ductile iron of grade SAE 4512.

The brake rails 22 and 24 and inner brake shoe locating slots 54 and 56 are then machine or broached to their final configuration and dust shield mounting holes are drilled in the bosses 30. The opening 28 is then drilled in the steering arm, after which the steering stop mounting hole 34 and upper knuckle ball joint hole 18 are drilled. The spindle hole 20 is next machined, completing the base casting.

The integral spindle and lower knuckle 14 is formed by hot forging and the end 48 of the spindle is then threaded and drilled to form the cotter pin hole 50. The spindle is then subjected to tempering and hardening to Rockwell C45 50 surface hardness. Next all sections are subjected to grinding and polishing to final diameter and tapers. The area adjacent the spindle opening 20 of the casting 12 is induction heated, the spindle inserted thereinto and the assembly quenched to provide a shrink fitting of the forging 14 in the casting 12. The assembled knuckle is then turned on centers 58 and 60 to bumish grease seal boss 32.

The lower knuckle 38 is, of course, positioned relative to upper knuckle 16 before the assembly is quenched. However, any misalignment, within limits, may be compensated for in subsequent machining of the lower knuckle 38 and the drilling of the lower ball joint hole 52 to position it properly with respect to the upper ball joint opening 18 so that the two openings are positioned in opposing relationship to each other.

From the above it will be seen that the present invention provides a knuckle assembly and method of manufacturing it which is greatly simplified with respect to multi-component knuckle assemblies and which permit the positioning of the lower knuckle adjacent the point where the spindle projects from the assembly.

While the method and form of articles herein described constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of article, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A knuckle assembly comprising:

a. a base casting,

b. a first knuckle projecting outwardly of said casting,

c. means defining an opening in said first knuckle,

d. wall means defining a spindle opening through said casting,

e. an integral forging including a case hardened spindle and a lower knuckle formed integrally therewith,

f. said spindle of said forging being received and fixed within said spindle opening in said base casting with said wall means of said opening engaging said spindle, and

g. means defining an opening in said lower knuckle.

2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein:

a. the axes of the opening in said first knuckle and said spindle opening are angularly disposed in substantially intersecting relationship with each other.

3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein:

a. said opening in said lower knuckle is disposed in opposing relationship to said opening in said upper knuckle.

4. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising:

a. means defining a plurality of dust shield mounting bosses projecting from said casting on an opposite side thereof from said first knuckle.

5. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising:

a. means defining brake rails formed integrally on said casting.

6. The assembly of claim 5 further comprising:

a. means defining inner brake shoe locating slots opening towards each other inwardly of said brake rails.

7. The assembly of claim I further comprising:

a. means defining a steering stop mount opening in said casting extending in spaced, substantially parallel relationship to said spindle opening.

8. A knuckle assembly comprising:

a. a one piece base casting including:

i. an upper kuuckle projecting outwardly from one side of said casting,

ii. means defining a ball joint opening through said upper knuckle,

iii. means defining a spindle opening through said casting having the axis thereof in angularly disposed, intersecting relationship with the axis of said ball joint opening in said upper knuckle,

iv. a plurality of dust shield mounting bosses projecting from a side of said casting opposite said one side thereof,

v. means defining upper and lower brake rails,

vi. a steering arm projecting from said casting oppositely to said brake rails, and

vii. means defining a steering stop mount opening extending in spaced, substantially parallel relationship to said spindle opening,

b. a one piece spindle and knuckle forging including:

i. a tempered, case hardened spindle,

ii. a lower knuckle joined to said spindle adjacent one end thereof, and

iii. means defining a lower ball joint opening through said lower knuckle,

c. ,said spindle being shrink fitted in said spindle opening with said ball joint openings in said upper and lower knuckles positioned in opposing relationship to each other. 

1. A knuckle assembly comprising: a. a base casting, b. a first knuckle projecting outwardly of said casting, c. means defining an opening in said first knuckle, d. wall means defining a spindle opening through said casting, e. an integral forging including a case hardened spindle and a lower knuckle formed integrally therewith, f. said spindle of said forging being received and fixed within said spindle opening in said base casting with said wall mEans of said opening engaging said spindle, and g. means defining an opening in said lower knuckle.
 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: a. the axes of the opening in said first knuckle and said spindle opening are angularly disposed in substantially intersecting relationship with each other.
 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: a. said opening in said lower knuckle is disposed in opposing relationship to said opening in said upper knuckle.
 4. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising: a. means defining a plurality of dust shield mounting bosses projecting from said casting on an opposite side thereof from said first knuckle.
 5. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising: a. means defining brake rails formed integrally on said casting.
 6. The assembly of claim 5 further comprising: a. means defining inner brake shoe locating slots opening towards each other inwardly of said brake rails.
 7. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising: a. means defining a steering stop mount opening in said casting extending in spaced, substantially parallel relationship to said spindle opening.
 8. A knuckle assembly comprising: a. a one piece base casting including: i. an upper kuuckle projecting outwardly from one side of said casting, ii. means defining a ball joint opening through said upper knuckle, iii. means defining a spindle opening through said casting having the axis thereof in angularly disposed, intersecting relationship with the axis of said ball joint opening in said upper knuckle, iv. a plurality of dust shield mounting bosses projecting from a side of said casting opposite said one side thereof, v. means defining upper and lower brake rails, vi. a steering arm projecting from said casting oppositely to said brake rails, and vii. means defining a steering stop mount opening extending in spaced, substantially parallel relationship to said spindle opening, b. a one piece spindle and knuckle forging including: i. a tempered, case hardened spindle, ii. a lower knuckle joined to said spindle adjacent one end thereof, and iii. means defining a lower ball joint opening through said lower knuckle, c. said spindle being shrink fitted in said spindle opening with said ball joint openings in said upper and lower knuckles positioned in opposing relationship to each other. 